The characters in the Dragon Ball franchise are capable of amazing feats of power and strength. But only the most powerful have been shown to be capable of wiping out entire planets on their own. Throughout the many battles of the series, just how many planet busting attacks have appeared in Dragon Ball?
PICCOLO'S MOON BLAST
While Piccolo has never been shown taking out an entire planet, he at least deserves a special mention for destroying the moon. While he was training Gohan in the buildup to the Saiyan Saga, Piccolo found out the hard way that Saiyans can transform into the Oozaru or Great Ape -- a giant and uncontrollable monkey form with incredibly destructive powers. This change is forced by the sight of the moon, which changes the Saiyans without any warning. To stop Gohan from lashing out, Piccolo seemed to destroy the moon with a single massive blast. This reverts Gohan to his normal form. While this has been retconned by Dragon Ball Z: Kakarot into just being an illusion, it's still a solid indicator of his powers.
VEGETA'S ATTACKS
One of Vegeta's biggest moments of power early on only happened in the Dragon Ball Z anime. In it, Vegeta and Nappa ended up on Arlia while on their way to Earth. They ultimately decided that the planet was in too poor condition to salvage. Vegeta used a bomb attack to destroy the world. Because this was an anime-only ability though, he didn't utilize that move again in the future of the series. However, Vegeta still is eventually shown to have the power to destroy worlds. He'd intended to wipe out Earth with a Galick Gun during his battle with Goku in the Saiyan Saga and could have accidentally destroyed the planet with the Final Flash he used against Perfect Cell.
FRIEZA'S DEATH BALL
The Deat Ball is the most powerful attack Frieza possesses. Frieza lifts a single finger that creates a firey looking ball. It quickly expands, eventually becoming large enough to resemble an asteroid. It has the power to destroy a planet, such as when Frieza used it to destroy Planet Vegeta. Even if it doesn't destroy the world in the initial hit, it destabilizes the planet and causes it to explode just a few minutes later. This was the fate of the original planet Namek, which was eventually restored by the Earth-based Dragon Balls. As Frieza has grown even more powerful during the events of Dragon Ball Super, he's even deployed a more powerful version of the attack that requires him to use his entire hand to create an even larger death ball.
CELL'S SELF-DESTRUCT
Cell tries to destroy the Earth multiple times during the Cell Games, usually using his Perfect Kamehameha attack while going up against Gohan and Goku. But even when he's not capable of using his Perfect Form, Cell is shown to be capable of wiping out a planet. Reduced to his Semi-Perfect form by Gohan, a desperate Cell decided to end the battle with a loss for everyone by using a Self-Destruct technique. Growing larger and larger from the overwhelming power, he takes a minute to charge before he goes in an explosion strong enough to wipe out the Earth. Goku was forced to sacrifice himself by teleporting Cell away from the planet to save the Earth. Instead, Goku had no better ideas than to go to King Kai's homeworld -- inadvertently killing King Kai and destroying that world instead. On top of that, Cell was able to restore himself to life from a single cell that remained after the battle.
KID BUU'S PLANET BURST
Kid Buu's Planet Burst is very similar to Frieza's Death Ball. He gathers a massive amount of pink energy into a large sphere. When it's complete, he utilizes it by throwing it at his enemy. This attack is specifically meant to be a representation of the enraged Buu's fury at being stopped by Goku and Vegeta earlier in the battle. It's so powerful that Goku is doubtful that he and Vegeta combined could actually hope to stop the blast. Instead, Goku, Vegeta, Mr. Satan, and Dende only survive the blast because they are whisked off the planet by Kibito Kai. Kid Buu ends up using it to destroy Earth out of rage, making him the only villain to actually destroy Earth. This forces the heroes to use the Namekian Dragon Balls to restore the planet and all the people on it to life afterward.
BROLY'S OMEGA BLASTER
Introduced during the Broly - The Legendary Super Saiyan movie, Broly quickly proved himself to be one of the most dangerous enemies that the Z-Warriors ever faced off against. Once he fully activated his powers, he was able to showcase his power by casually destroying an entire planet with his Omega Blaster. The energy charges up with green energy before Broly casually throws it off. It's probably the easiest anyone wipes out a planet in the franchise, taking almost no time to charge and being able to be flung from entire other planets. It makes sense that only someone like Broly (who had even destroyed entire galaxies before this) would be capable of deploying that kind of power.
BEERUS' JUDGEMENT
As befitting a God of Destruction, Beerus in Dragon Ball Super is more than capable of bringing down entire planets with ease. This is actually a two-part attack, with separate shots. First, he fires his Sphere of Destruction. Also referred to as the Beerus Ball, this sun-like ball is an extremely powerful blast. He can even increase the size of the blast with his Wrath of the God of Destruction, one of his more standard abilities that are also capable of destroying a world. As one of the most powerful beings in the galaxy, it makes sense that Beerus would have multiple ways to wipe out a planet if so inclined. It's a good thing the heroes ended up making an ally out of Beerus.